domingo, 28 de março de 2010
sábado, 27 de março de 2010
Primeiros elementos da comunicação
Apresentar-se.
1-As saudações
Fórmulas usuais
São expressões empregadas num contexto informal, por exemplo, na casa de uma família anfitriã, numa pensão, no escritório ou para cumprimentar desconhecidos.
Hello.
Olá.
Hi.
Oi.
Hey. (US)
Oi.
Morning. / Evening.
Bom dia. / Boa noite.
Expressão formal
As formas seguintes são preferíveis em um contexto mais formal, por exemplo, para dirigir-se a um cliente ou a um superior hierárquico ou, ainda, se o encontro ocorrer em um restaurante ou hotel de luxo:
Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening.
Bom dia / Boa tarde / Boa noite.
! Good afternoon e Good evening são utilizados apenas na chegada ou saudação.
Good night, por outro lado, é utilizado apenas em despedidas.
2-Dirigir-se a um grupo
Fórmula usual
Esta fórmula simples é adequada para saudar uma classe, um grupo de amigos ou colegas:
Hello / Hi, everyone.
Olá, para todos.
1-As saudações
Fórmulas usuais
São expressões empregadas num contexto informal, por exemplo, na casa de uma família anfitriã, numa pensão, no escritório ou para cumprimentar desconhecidos.
Hello.
Olá.
Hi.
Oi.
Hey. (US)
Oi.
Morning. / Evening.
Bom dia. / Boa noite.
Expressão formal
As formas seguintes são preferíveis em um contexto mais formal, por exemplo, para dirigir-se a um cliente ou a um superior hierárquico ou, ainda, se o encontro ocorrer em um restaurante ou hotel de luxo:
Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening.
Bom dia / Boa tarde / Boa noite.
! Good afternoon e Good evening são utilizados apenas na chegada ou saudação.
Good night, por outro lado, é utilizado apenas em despedidas.
2-Dirigir-se a um grupo
Fórmula usual
Esta fórmula simples é adequada para saudar uma classe, um grupo de amigos ou colegas:
Hello / Hi, everyone.
Olá, para todos.
Primeiros elementos da comunicação
Fórmulas usuais
Depois de saudar alguém de modo neutro e informal, costuma-se perguntar ao interlocutor como está passando:
How are you?
Como vai?
How are you doing?
Como vai você / o senhor / a senhora?
How are things (with you)?
Como vão as coisas?
O seguinte diálogo entre dois amigos (David e Gary) é bastante informal:
David Hi.how are you?
Gary Fine thanks. And you?
David Not bad, thanks. What are you doing here?
Gary Waiting for John.How about you?
David I’m just on my way home.
David Oi. Como vai?
Gary Bem, obrigado. E você?
David Tudo em ordem, obrigado. O que está fazendo por aqui?
Gary Esperando o John. E você?
David Estou indo para casa.
Depois de saudar alguém de modo neutro e informal, costuma-se perguntar ao interlocutor como está passando:
How are you?
Como vai?
How are you doing?
Como vai você / o senhor / a senhora?
How are things (with you)?
Como vão as coisas?
O seguinte diálogo entre dois amigos (David e Gary) é bastante informal:
David Hi.how are you?
Gary Fine thanks. And you?
David Not bad, thanks. What are you doing here?
Gary Waiting for John.How about you?
David I’m just on my way home.
David Oi. Como vai?
Gary Bem, obrigado. E você?
David Tudo em ordem, obrigado. O que está fazendo por aqui?
Gary Esperando o John. E você?
David Estou indo para casa.
USEFUL GREETINGS
-Hello -Olá
-Hi -Oi
-How are you? -Como vai?
-How do you do? -Como esta?
-Good morning -Bom dia
-Good afternoon -Boa tarde
-Good evening -Boa noite
-Nice to see you -Prazer em vê-lo
-Glad to see you -Prazer em vê-lo
The most common words in English
age - The age of my daughter is three.
air - The air is quite clear today.
anger - His anger knows no limits.
animal -I'm not sure of the name of that animal over there in that cage.
answer -He provided an excellent answer to my question.
apple - I love a good red apple after dinner.
area - This area is intended for recreation
arm - He put his arm out for inspection.
art - It would be difficult to live without art.
atom - One of the smallest elements is the atom.
baby - She put her baby into its crib.
back - I turned my back on that outrageous man.
ball - He hit the ball out of the park.
band - The band played until three in the morning.
bank - The bank closes at three in the afternoon.
bar - Let's go to the bar and get a beer.
base - He works at the base on the otherside of town.
bat - If you look up there you can see a bat flying between the trees.
bear - The bear is a dangerous but playful animal.
beauty -The countryside is splendid in its beauty.
bell - He rang the bell to signal the end of class.
bird - Do you know the name of that bird on that branch?
bit - Could you hand me that bit for this drill?
block - He picked up the block of wood and began to work on it.
blood - Look at the blood on the floor! What's happened?
blow - He received a mighty blow from his opponent in the boxing match.
board - Use that board over there to cover up the window.
boat - He bought a new boat for his birthday.
body - He left the body at the side of the road.
bone - I found a prehistoric bone in the desert.
book - You should read this book!
bottom -You will find the coin at the bottom of the lake.
box - I put the extra clothes into that box.
boy - Do you see that boy over there?
branch -There is a bird on that branch.
bread - Could you get some bread when you go to the supermarket?
break - I'll take a five minute break and then get back to work.
brother -My brother lives in Seattle.
call - Give me a call when you arrive.
camp - I set up camp at the edge of the wood.
capital-The capital of Washington state is Olympia.
captain-The captain told his crew to raise the sail.
car - He drove his car very fast.
card - Let me give you my business card.
care - She received excellent care at the hospital.
case - You will find the bottle of wine in that case over there.
cat - My cat is four years old.
cause - I'm sure his lack of understanding was the cause of his failure.
cell - The cell is one of nature's wonders.
cent - If I had every cent I have wasted I would be a very rich man indeed.
century -Last century was at times horrific and at times marvelous.
chair - Let me get a chair and sit down.
chance -If you just give him a chance you will see how capable he really is.
change -I need a change in my life!
character-Her character can be very frustrating at times.
chick -He picked up the little chick that had just been born.
chief - Just a moment, I need to speak to the chief.
child - He gave the child a dime.
children -We have five children!
chord - The pianist played the marvelous chord.
circle -Draw a circle on a piece of paper and write your ideas in it.
city - Life in a city can be both wonderful and frustrating.
class - He came to class late.
climb - The climb to the top of the peak was challenging.
clock - We need a new clock for the livingroom.
cloud - The cloud appeared on the horizon and I knew it would rain soon.
coast - Let's go to the coast for the weekend.
coat - It's cold outside! Make sure to put your coat on.
cold - The cold in this room is unbearable.
colony -The British established the colony in 1876.
color - That is it's true color!
column -I read his latest column in the New York Times.
company -He's worked for that company for over five years.
condition - Has his condition improved?
consonant - That is a consonant that you don't have in your language.
continent - She lives on a different continent.
copy - Can you give me a copy of that report?
corn - This corn is so sweet! Where did you get it?
cost - You can buy a used car at a low cost.
cotton - Cotton is used to make many different types of clothes.
country - He lives in a country where free speech is not allowed.
course - I'm taking a computer course at the local college.
cover - The cover of this week's issue is really shocking.
cow - He has a cow that he milks every day.
crop - This year's crop was excellent.
cross - He hang a cross over his desk.
crowd - That crowd went wild at his last statement.
cry - Her cry could be heard above the crowd.
current - The current is really strong in that river.
cut - How did you get that cut?
dad - I visited my dad last week.
dance - Would you like to go to the dance with me this Saturday?
danger - There is great danger in those woods.
day - What a great day!
dead - Many people belive the dead come back to haunt.
deal - I made a deal with Smith's.
death - His death disturbed her greatly.
decimal - The decimal was 5/6.
degree - He will soon receive his degree.
design - Her design won the best project of the year award.
dictionary - Look that up in the dictionary if you don't understand.
division - I work in the sales division.
doctor - You'd better see a doctor about that cough.
dog - My daughter would love to have a dog.
dollar - He paid top dollar for that car.
door - Let me open the door for you.
double - He was Clint Eastwood's double.
draw - I lost the draw and so I have to go last.
dream - She same him clearly in her dream last night.
dress - She wore that pretty blue dress to the party.
drink - Would you like a drink? - Maybe a gin and tonic?
drive - The drive up to the canyon was beautiful.
drop - The drop was almost 500 meters straight down!
duck - Do you see that cute duck swimming over there?
ear - Lend me an ear and I will tell you an interesting story.
earth - He moved about two tons of earth this weekend.
ease - The ease with which he plays tennis shows how often he plays.
east - The east will always be different from the west.
edge - Be careful! Don't get too close to the edge!
effect - We still don't know the long term effect his actions will have.
egg - Would you like your egg boiled or fried?
eight - There are eight in the room.
element - One important element is hard study.
end - We are nearing the end of the journey.
enemy - His enemy Jed attacked him.
energy - She has so much energy! Just think of all the different things she does.
air - The air is quite clear today.
anger - His anger knows no limits.
animal -I'm not sure of the name of that animal over there in that cage.
answer -He provided an excellent answer to my question.
apple - I love a good red apple after dinner.
area - This area is intended for recreation
arm - He put his arm out for inspection.
art - It would be difficult to live without art.
atom - One of the smallest elements is the atom.
baby - She put her baby into its crib.
back - I turned my back on that outrageous man.
ball - He hit the ball out of the park.
band - The band played until three in the morning.
bank - The bank closes at three in the afternoon.
bar - Let's go to the bar and get a beer.
base - He works at the base on the otherside of town.
bat - If you look up there you can see a bat flying between the trees.
bear - The bear is a dangerous but playful animal.
beauty -The countryside is splendid in its beauty.
bell - He rang the bell to signal the end of class.
bird - Do you know the name of that bird on that branch?
bit - Could you hand me that bit for this drill?
block - He picked up the block of wood and began to work on it.
blood - Look at the blood on the floor! What's happened?
blow - He received a mighty blow from his opponent in the boxing match.
board - Use that board over there to cover up the window.
boat - He bought a new boat for his birthday.
body - He left the body at the side of the road.
bone - I found a prehistoric bone in the desert.
book - You should read this book!
bottom -You will find the coin at the bottom of the lake.
box - I put the extra clothes into that box.
boy - Do you see that boy over there?
branch -There is a bird on that branch.
bread - Could you get some bread when you go to the supermarket?
break - I'll take a five minute break and then get back to work.
brother -My brother lives in Seattle.
call - Give me a call when you arrive.
camp - I set up camp at the edge of the wood.
capital-The capital of Washington state is Olympia.
captain-The captain told his crew to raise the sail.
car - He drove his car very fast.
card - Let me give you my business card.
care - She received excellent care at the hospital.
case - You will find the bottle of wine in that case over there.
cat - My cat is four years old.
cause - I'm sure his lack of understanding was the cause of his failure.
cell - The cell is one of nature's wonders.
cent - If I had every cent I have wasted I would be a very rich man indeed.
century -Last century was at times horrific and at times marvelous.
chair - Let me get a chair and sit down.
chance -If you just give him a chance you will see how capable he really is.
change -I need a change in my life!
character-Her character can be very frustrating at times.
chick -He picked up the little chick that had just been born.
chief - Just a moment, I need to speak to the chief.
child - He gave the child a dime.
children -We have five children!
chord - The pianist played the marvelous chord.
circle -Draw a circle on a piece of paper and write your ideas in it.
city - Life in a city can be both wonderful and frustrating.
class - He came to class late.
climb - The climb to the top of the peak was challenging.
clock - We need a new clock for the livingroom.
cloud - The cloud appeared on the horizon and I knew it would rain soon.
coast - Let's go to the coast for the weekend.
coat - It's cold outside! Make sure to put your coat on.
cold - The cold in this room is unbearable.
colony -The British established the colony in 1876.
color - That is it's true color!
column -I read his latest column in the New York Times.
company -He's worked for that company for over five years.
condition - Has his condition improved?
consonant - That is a consonant that you don't have in your language.
continent - She lives on a different continent.
copy - Can you give me a copy of that report?
corn - This corn is so sweet! Where did you get it?
cost - You can buy a used car at a low cost.
cotton - Cotton is used to make many different types of clothes.
country - He lives in a country where free speech is not allowed.
course - I'm taking a computer course at the local college.
cover - The cover of this week's issue is really shocking.
cow - He has a cow that he milks every day.
crop - This year's crop was excellent.
cross - He hang a cross over his desk.
crowd - That crowd went wild at his last statement.
cry - Her cry could be heard above the crowd.
current - The current is really strong in that river.
cut - How did you get that cut?
dad - I visited my dad last week.
dance - Would you like to go to the dance with me this Saturday?
danger - There is great danger in those woods.
day - What a great day!
dead - Many people belive the dead come back to haunt.
deal - I made a deal with Smith's.
death - His death disturbed her greatly.
decimal - The decimal was 5/6.
degree - He will soon receive his degree.
design - Her design won the best project of the year award.
dictionary - Look that up in the dictionary if you don't understand.
division - I work in the sales division.
doctor - You'd better see a doctor about that cough.
dog - My daughter would love to have a dog.
dollar - He paid top dollar for that car.
door - Let me open the door for you.
double - He was Clint Eastwood's double.
draw - I lost the draw and so I have to go last.
dream - She same him clearly in her dream last night.
dress - She wore that pretty blue dress to the party.
drink - Would you like a drink? - Maybe a gin and tonic?
drive - The drive up to the canyon was beautiful.
drop - The drop was almost 500 meters straight down!
duck - Do you see that cute duck swimming over there?
ear - Lend me an ear and I will tell you an interesting story.
earth - He moved about two tons of earth this weekend.
ease - The ease with which he plays tennis shows how often he plays.
east - The east will always be different from the west.
edge - Be careful! Don't get too close to the edge!
effect - We still don't know the long term effect his actions will have.
egg - Would you like your egg boiled or fried?
eight - There are eight in the room.
element - One important element is hard study.
end - We are nearing the end of the journey.
enemy - His enemy Jed attacked him.
energy - She has so much energy! Just think of all the different things she does.
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